Thailand has launched airstrikes along its disputed border with Cambodia, Thai army spokesman Major General Winthai Suvaree said on Monday (Dec 8), after both countries accused the other of breaching a ceasefire agreement.

He added that Thailand deployed air assets to strike Cambodian military targets in several locations to suppress continued supporting-fire attacks.

Major General Withai said new clashes occurred at dawn on Monday, after both sides reported a brief skirmish on Sunday, which Thailand's military had said left two soldiers wounded.

"At around 5.05am (6.05am, Singapore time), Cambodian forces opened fire with small arms and indirect-fire weapons in the Chong An Ma area of Nam Yuen district, Ubon Ratchathani province," he added.

"Thai troops responded in accordance with rules of engagement using both small arms and indirect-fire weapons."

The Royal Thai Air Force later stated that the airstrikes targeted "only military installations" within Cambodian territory.

"All missions were executed with caution, targeting only military infrastructure, weapons depots, command centres and logistical routes assessed as direct threats," it said.

It added that the airstrikes were conducted in response to Cambodian military actions that "could escalate military operations and pose a threat to the Thai border area".

According to Major General Winthai, the Thai army "received reports that Thai soldiers had been struck by supporting fire, resulting in one fatality and four injuries" and evacuation support for civilians had been activated.

The Thai army also accused Cambodian forces of firing BM-21 rockets towards civilian areas in Buri Ram province, with no casualties reported.

Around 35,000 people in Thailand have been evacuated from areas along the border with Cambodia since the renewed fighting, according to a statement from Thailand's Second Army Region.

Cambodia's defence ministry spokeswoman Maly Socheata said Thai forces launched an attack on Cambodian troops in the border provinces of Preah Vihear and Oddar Meanchey on Monday morning, adding that Phnom Penh had not retaliated.

She accused Thailand of "firing multiple shots with tanks at Tamone Thom temple" and other areas near Preah Vihear temple.

"It should be noted that this attack occurred after the Thai forces engaged in numerous provocative actions for many days ... with the objective of instigating confrontations," she added.

Gunfire was reported in the areas of the centuries-old Tamone Thom and Ta Krabei temples, and a "number of villagers who live near the border are fleeing to safety", according to Met Measpheakdey, a Cambodian spokesman for the Oddar Meanchey provincial administration.

"The red line for responding has already been set. I urge commanders at all levels to educate all officers and soldiers accordingly," Cambodia's influential former Prime Minister Hun Sen, the long-time former leader and father of current premier Hun Manet, said in a Facebook post on Monday.

Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim called for "maximum restraint" and open communication in a post on X (formerly Twitter).

"Our region cannot afford to see long-standing disputes slip into cycles of confrontation," he wrote.

"The immediate priority is to halt the fighting, safeguard civilians, and return to a diplomatic path supported by international law and the neighbourly spirit on which ASEAN depends," he added.

The border dispute had erupted into a five-day war in July, before a ceasefire deal brokered by US President Donald Trump and Anwar. Trump witnessed the signing of an expanded ceasefire deal between the two countries in Kuala Lumpur in October.

At least 48 people were killed and an estimated 300,000 were temporarily displaced during the July clashes, with the neighbours exchanging rockets and heavy artillery fire.

But following a landmine blast last month that maimed one of its soldiers, Thailand said it was halting the implementation of the ceasefire pact with Cambodia.

In Thailand, more than 385,000 civilians across four border districts are being evacuated, with over 35,000 already housed in temporary shelters, the Thai military said.

Thailand and Cambodia have for more than a century contested sovereignty at undemarcated points along their 817km land border, first mapped in 1907 by France when it ruled Cambodia as a colony.

Simmering tension has occasionally exploded into skirmishes, such as a weeklong artillery exchange in 2011, despite attempts to peacefully resolve overlapping claims.